History of Patriotism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2520 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Patriotism Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Patriotism must be embraced by all levels of society, especially the younger generation. It is important to form an ethical generation that shape values in all Malaysian generally. Patriotism also could instil moral attitude among the young generation particularly. Hence, through patriotism, it gathers one nation. With that, I would agree if the lack of practice of Malaysian values and the spirit of being a good Malaysian especially amongst the younger generation have become recent issues. This is because Malaysia has lack of awareness mostly on values. One of the values emphasized is on ‘Patriotism’. First of all, I would like to lay on the definition of ‘Patriotism’ followed by few suggestions in order to instil values among Malaysian in general. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of Patriotism" essay for you Create order Patriotism comes from Greek, namely the patriotes which means fellow countrymen, that compatriot, and patrice means fatherland or country, which is refers to the homeland or nation. With such matters can be concluded that patriotism refers to someone who love to the country (Hand, 2011). Patriotism can also be associated with feelings of love and respect to the homeland. It is a natural feeling that drives someone to work hard for the sake of national development, protecting cultural heritage and protecting the country from being destroyed by outsiders or insiders (Lee Lam Thye, 2016). According to Ahmad Shah Pakeer et al. (2011), ‘patriotism’ is to build a country, where it requires a lot of struggle and sacrifices, in order to achieve independence and the spirit of patriotism among the people. It is a difficult task to educate the spirit of patriotism among the people because it starts from early childhood education. It is proved that many of the younger generation have a very low spirit of patriotism. Patriotic awareness among younger generation has also been gradually diminished over time and has become a necessity to carry out a research in order to find out the level of patriotism. Issues and Problem Racial and Ethnic differences The Risk or racial attitudes among multi ethnic has increasingly been alarming based on studies by the Institute of Ethnic Studies (2015), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The study data has shown the risk of racism among the respective group of people. . In fact, this will lead to a negative symptoms such as stereotypes, prejudice, racism and discrimination in the community (Utusan Melayu, 2017). The former Prime Minister Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi also has expressed feelings of sadness through his personal blog in conjunction with the Malaysia-51st with his first record entitled the meaning of independence and unity which was commented on the unity issue in conjunction with the Malaysia day. In respect of the matter, it has been proven that tolerance are getting low among the community especially the youth. The attitude of the people who choose to express their anger through social sites and internet portal proves the level of tolerance and mutual respect between each other is decreasing (Astro Awani, 2014). Furthermore, the implementation of patriotism if required due to different race and religion which has been existed in Malaysia. The issue of racial and ethnic relations within various communities also poses a challenge to implement the values of patriotism in Malaysia. This is due to the level of multi-ethnic solidarity in the countrys education system where it is still low even though students have shown showed a positive attitude in multi-ethnic relations. Ethnic relations in higher education institutions are also weak. Students would not feel comfortable when they are at the same area, even if they have known each other. Students also have found it difficult to interact and share essential items among themselves (Suzana Sulaiman, 2012). As a result, the teenagers were not exempt from being swept away with this differences. This is because, without exposure and an understanding of the concept of a free constitution, there will be a gap built between them indirectly. When it comes to the ideology of cultural differences, the value of patriotism would be eroded by the sentiments of any course of discrimination. It is important to have practiced patriotism among the youth particularly. Without a good practice, they will be left anonymous to each other. The lack of love towards the country The spirit of Malaysian is seen faded especially among the youngsters. There are a few considerations to be asked among the youngsters. Do they have the spirit as Malaysian first of all? Does the spirit of patriotism has been instilled to form a civilized Malaysian citizen? These are the considerations that we have to take into account in order to see the future of our race, religion and beyond all, our beloved country. The spirit of patriotism among youngsters are crucial as it will contribute a more peaceful country especially in the world full of challenges these days. Since this is the era of what we called as the world without boundaries has no limit in terms of fun and entertainment. In short, entertainment can be reached as easy as at the tips of your finger. Besides, this is the era where everything are easily shared and viralled that could lead towards an offensive community which is unhealthy to one community in general. Therefore, the youngsters need to instil the spirit of patriotism as it could help our society to be more concern and more responsible towards the development of the country. According to Kosmo (2017), it is learnt that a male aged 19 years old has been arrested for harassing and insulting Yang di Pertuan Agong Sultan Muhammad V and the Deputy of Yang di Pertuan Agong, Sultan Nazrin Shah on his Facebook social site. In addition, many other incidents showing the younger generation now are less patriotism. Among others, this phenomenon can be seen through the creation of the insulting song. In 2011, Mohd. Farizal, who is a student from the local university has been acted rude when he was detected for being exposed from the insulting song through social sites Facebook. It is also stated that the song lyrics have been changed verbally, in order to mocks the country and especially the rulers (Utusan Melayu, 2011). Meanwhile, in 2011, a male known as Vincent Leong has been using insulting song on his social site which is through his Facebook account. Vincent was said to disrespect the song that symbolizes the harmony in the society and the well-being of the people of Malaysia (Sinar Harian, 2011). Based on these reports, it is clearly showed that there are a number of Malaysians, especially the current generation who are lacking of patriotism. This is disturbing because it builds the nature of being irresponsible for example by uploading unnecessary video to social sites that can be watched by anyone. In this regard, appreciation of the spirit of patriotism among the younger generation nowadays should be brought into a more serious matters especially in preparing the youngsters to face the challenges and obstacles that can be interfered with the operation of the nations sovereignty. The national service training program (NSTP) for instance is seen as a way to cultivating the spirit of love in this nation. Lack of value and unity among the citizen Understanding the value of unity which has a long standing relationships among various ethnic groups and religious communities. The value of unity makes Sarawak as an example of a harmonious state with a multiple races and religions. Recently, the youngsters are less likely to focus on the value of unity. As for example, activities such as open house celebrations, during the festive seasons such as Christmas, Hari Gawai, Eid etc. are being replaced with family trip or a holiday trip to most people. Courtesy is a good practice. Everyone needs to learn it in order to be directed and not deviated from the social norms of what the society wants. Courtesy is important to produce a noble citizen for the sake of the realization of the countrys national mission towards vision 2020. In fact, this aspect of politeness has also been changing especially the young generation. We are no longer using polite language when are talking to others. This situation caused various problems that brought the existence of dislike to each other due to the use of impolite language which may be abusive and offensive. It is obvious, that the value of politeness, particularly in conversation has been diminished among our society. Thus, it is proved that youngsters nowadays are lacked of Malaysian values and the spirit of being a good Malaysian. The influence of Western culture and the Mass Media Western culture has been spread through the mass media and exposing lethal ways of life such as Hip-hop, punk, hippies, black metal, pink metal, one night stand, as well as free sex. Local media has also reported several violent teen behaviour (New Straits Times, 2008; Utusan Malaysia 2007). At the same time, the local media and the international media displays a number of programs which contain various forms of violence through television series such as World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Criminal Scenes Investigation (CSI), and movies such as, Transformers, GI Joe, Rambo, and Rocky. All of this exposure has become a favourite reading material to the young generation. The Western culture has been expanding drastically in Malaysia through all media. Although Malaysia has its independence and no longer colonized by western powers, unconsciously they have actually conquered us especially the adolescents. With the influence of Western culture brought to our country. Western culture affects many teenagers in terms of their perspectives as well as dressing style, and many other activities which may lead to serious social phenomena. The culture and spirit of nationalism towards the country are no longer given attention. Recently, we are overwhelmed by pornography and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) issues and is being consider godly civilized events around the world. This has led to a joke like April Fool on the occasion of a day without underwear which was in June of 2017 that was accompanied by many young people despite knowing that the celebration was just a merely harassing our view on human right to be summarized. The recent news on Unclothed Day, was reported where there were many participants wearing shirts and panties on Londons train on January 8, 2017. The same event was initiated in New York City in 2002 (Utusan, 7 Mac 2017). Suggestions Parenting skill and Education First of all, parents play an important role in fostering patriotic spirit in children. Parents should always be aware of the importance of preserving the states dignity. Parents also must show a good example to children. For instance, parents must put up and hold the flag together with the children during the independence celebration. Parents and children can also visit historic landmarks during school holidays and so on. Thus, it is important for the children to have gained exposures and awareness about the spirit of love on our homeland from parents since childhood. The minds and behaviour of children are being influenced by their parents before they are enrolled to school. For example, racial issues and the wrong perception towards a particular race or skin which may lead to the incidents happened in May, 13 which was occurred in 1969, where racial intolerance and unity has been achieved after the bloody events. Next, the schools must have the spirit of patriotism especially among the teachers to be shown to students. We should be proud of the contributions of local historians and scholars who have written a lot of local leaders struggles although they were initially classified as being out of the courtesy. The contributions and roles of these local writers are huge because they produced facts to be revealed to the next generation so that they could learn the right history of our country. Each of us should be proud of being Malaysians regardless of colour, language and belief. By having proudness as Malaysian, we will always strive to maintain our relationship to each other. In short, the attitude of where the earth is trampled, where the sky is upheld need to be practiced and fully imbued in us. Be Loyal and love the country Each of us must have a loyal and loving nature of the country by respecting and showing loyalty to the king and the leaders of the nation. In addition, we also must respect the identity of our country such as ‘Jalur Gemilang’, ‘Lagu Negaraku’, the Parliament, ‘Rukun Negara’ and other related institutions. Furthermore, in order to foster patriotism and love for the country we need to be exposed to the history, how difficult our leaders are in order to gain the independence of the country. By reading through the history of our homeland, we can know and understand the struggle of fighting for independence. Foster a spirit of unity among youngster through campaigns The spirit of belonging means that every Malaysian citizen should have a spirit of cooperation, a spirit of help to the society irrespective of race, religion or the spirit of brotherhood. Eccentricity is a feature that basically seems easy to form but actually this feature is the most difficult to form. To ensure the stability of the country, it is important to have a united society, harmonious, cooperative, a mutual understanding and co-existence is the basis of the spirit of belonging. Unity can also be nurtured through sports practice. The best example is to make the 2nd week of October each year as a day of sports activities as part of the National Sports Day (Anis Fauzieana Abdul Karim, 2016). Censorship Western-film and Mass Media Medium conveying information, news and more, such as printed media, mass media, as well as the internet should be controlled and filtered. This is because people are easily affected by what they read through the printed media, mass media, blogs or pages on the internet. This is rapidly expanding especially in this era of technology where, many internet mediums have been misused by irresponsible individuals to exacerbate the dignity of the nation, and divide the races. The government should empower the law and control this matter so that those irresponsible parties are charged with the right action. The printed media and the mass media should also include information about the history of our country to, enlivens and awakens the spirit of nationalism in all societies in Malaysia. The Film Censorship Board (LPF) should filter out Western films with negative elements to maintain Malaysias eastern culture. Undoubtedly, the cultural prominence displayed in Western films such as intrusive violent scenes, wars, drugs and alcohol, obscene, and impoliteness are often being exposed. These elements should not be the source of entertainment highlighted in the film. However, any western films that drive the values of teaching and education should be encouraged. Conclusion As a conclusion, it is clear that youngsters in Malaysia have lacked of values and spirit which may lead to unselfishness. The spirit of patriotism is important to produce a civilized youngster who loves his country and will surely become a useful individual to his nation, religion and country. Individuals who have a high patriotic spirit are always strive to advance themselves towards a developed country. Therefore, all parties need to work together hand in hand towards a better place to live in.

What is The Problem with the US Correctional Systems

Prisoners in Our Corrections In California, legal executions were authorized under the Criminal Practice Act of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areas as it relate to inmate as well as for the community. Why is it one of the Colorado prisons important to our correctional system? Why are†¦show more content†¦Also, inmates have the right of the First Amendment such as freedom of speech or press, the right of the people peaceably to assemble, establishing of religion and redress of grievances. Because of the preferred position of this amendment, it is surprising that some of the early prisoners’ rights cases concerned rights protected by it consist of access to reading materials, and freedom of religious practice, according to the book. Another Prisoners’ rights that have been issue under the Fourth Amendment, and it states that, â€Å"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall be issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized†. According to civilrights.findlaw.com, the fourth amendment was designed to protect areas of privacy from government intrusion such as searches. Nonetheless, offenders entering a correctional institution, prisoners surrender most of their rights of privacy. In addition, inmates do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their prison cells and are not protected from so called shakedowns, or searches of their cells to look up for weapons, drugs, and other contraband. According to American Psychological Association (APA), many people believe that rehabilitation is the most appealing modernShow MoreRelatedShould The Correctional Be Reformed Into Law Abiding Citizens?1104 Words   |  5 Pagescommitted and neglect the fact that they are humans that made an error; people who require guidance. The correctional system’s original purpose is retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation. While the correctional system was created with the right intentions, it has caused negative psychological impacts. Research has shown that a majority of criminals are deteriorating. The correctional facility not only affects criminals, but guards as well. 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Business Intelligence for Information Systems- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Intelligence for Information Systems Engineering. Answer: Business intelligence architecture of SaS SaS business Intelligence is referred to as a Visual analytics that helps to reveal the pressure n an IT enterprise with the help of self service access to an in depth knowledge extent. In order to get sophisticated results it is necessary for any business enterprise to adopt the most suitable BI platform to gain effective commercial success and competitive advantages (Stone and Woodcock 2014). The components of SAS include data integration, intelligence storage, Business Intelligence (BI) and analytics. Preparation of data, display of data these are the two different activities delivered by SAS BI. Information may be of relational database such as oracle, My SQL, Teradata etc. Regardless of the storage location of data that is whether OLAP, information maps or in SAS dataset are viewed as the toolset of Business Intelligence. In some cases users can also create ETL process in SAS integration studio (Gallinucci, Golfarelli and Rizzi 2015.). OLAP cube summarizes huge set of information to ensure that the users can easily review and fetch data from the server storage. On the other hand the information map allows the users to join data, rename variables etc. After preparation of data according to the architecture details, it can be accessed through different ways and those are as follows: SAS web report studio SAS Business Intelligence dashboard SAS information delivery portal SAS BI can create strong connection or bride between the users and data sources. It can integrate all information those are spread all over the enterprise (Naous, Schwarz and Legner 2017). It reduces the rate of time wastage and an also get added values for company success. The usage of SaS in a business enterprise In order to accomplish enterprise activities, SAS BI is very helpful and the following are the benefits: It can easily customize portals and dashboards It provides advanced business visualization Helps to develop high level business intelligence It has powerful query and analysis capabilities as well (Debortoli, Muller and vom Brocke 2014) It provides advanced metadata management options It has a well flexible deployment abilities It provides intuitive interface for the OLAP data server and exploration References Debortoli, S., Muller, O. and vom Brocke, J., 2014. Comparing business intelligence and big data skills.Business Information Systems Engineering,6(5), pp.289-300. Gallinucci, E., Golfarelli, M. and Rizzi, S., 2015. Advanced topic modeling for social business intelligence.Information Systems,53, pp.87-106. Naous, D., Schwarz, J. and Legner, C., 2017. Analytics As A Service: Cloud Computing and the Transformation of Business Analytics Business Models and Ecosystems. Stone, M.D. and Woodcock, N.D., 2014. Interactive, direct and digital marketing: A future that depends on better use of business intelligence.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,8(1), pp.4-17.

Why Abortion Should Be Illegal Essay Example For Students

Why Abortion Should Be Illegal Essay Years ago when a women would get pregnant she would have a baby. Today accidental pregnancies are solved by a method called abortion. With this method the newly formed fetus is basically removed from the mothers body and destroyed. Although the whole process of having an abortion seems not especially pleasant, it seems to be popular. As a consigned citizen I agree that the mother, and only the mother, should make the decision to have an abortion or to give birth and keep the child. It is the womans right to choose. Many people argue that abortion is plain and simple murder. If a woman is responsible enough to have sex, she needs to be responsible enough to deal with the consequences, no matter what the circumstances may turn out to be. The fourteenth amendment states, that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without a good reason and a fair trial(Dye 91). Pro-life supporters use the fact that in the United States constitution it clearly states that no one can kill anyone else without giving a good reason not to have the child. They reason that we must follow all of the other amendments so why do we not fully follow the fourteenth? The unborn baby has a constitutional right to life unless due process of the law is put into effect. But how can due process be in effect when the baby cannot even speak for itself? Basically pro-life supporters argue that the baby cannot be killed because it has the constitutional right to life. The choice to have an abortion should not even come up. If the soon to be mother doesnt feel that she is not responsible enough to keep it she should give it up for adoption. Non-abortion advocates also argue that abortion gets used too regularly as a form of birth control pill. They believe that abortions are put into the same category as the pill and the Depo-Provera shot, a shot that when injected into the mothers stomach releases a liquid which will eventually kill the baby(Microsoft Encarta 201). They also believe that while abortions are legal and so available, people do not see unprotected sex as serious as they should. Women may consent to un-protected sex because if they become pregnant they figure they can always just go get an abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortions are a simple way out of a very complicated problem. However, the illegalization of abortion may bring on many consequences. If someone falls victim of rape and becomes pregnant it is not fair to make them keep the child. The mother woul d must likely care for the baby, but if it was not wanted in the first place it would not be loved with all that it deserves. It is true that a woman should take responsibility for her actions, but rape is no action of her own. Rape is an act of violence and no women should have to have a baby out of it. If her decision is to have an abortion then that is her decision and it should be respected. She has to look at her financial situation and should have support from the father to have the child and give that child the best that it deserves. The bottom line is that it is always the womans right to choose weather to keep the child or not. She makes that choice on her own and for her own good. What she decides is whats right for her and only her. If she cannot support the child and give it all it deserves, I believe that she should get an abortion. I believe that a woman should be given the right to end ones life because that life has not been fully developed yet. Some may argue this belief, but understand that not everyone will agree on the issues and we shouldnt expect them to. .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .postImageUrl , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:hover , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:visited , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:active { border:0!important; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:active , .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8d1c5989ed9f41d621ce95dd780fcce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 16th century reformation of the Church of England Essay We will write a custom essay on Why Abortion Should Be Illegal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One must then look back at the fourteenth amendment issue. It says, no person should be deprived of life (Dye 91). But at this stage is the fetus actually a person? If childbirth takes place in the first three months of life it is impossible for the baby to live. It may have a heartbeat, but none of the limbs or other vital organs are fully in tact. The definition of a fetus is the unborn young of a person or animal, still in the uterus. So the question here is, is the fetus also a person? An alive person could mean someone with a heartbeat or it could mean a human that walks and breathes on its own outside the womb. It is a very hard and controversial question to answer, but I my opinion it is the right of the mother to be to have an abortion. So I believe that an abortion is the right thing to do. Depending on the situation a person is in. In reality most women are probably smart enough to realize that abortion is a serious matter. Each time an abortion is performed she not only destroys the child, but she is destroying her body. With each abortion her reproductive system begins to break down and she may eventually become sterile. Most women probably understand that to kill another person is not a game and should not be a light matter; there are some ignorant women out there that may use abortions as a form of birth control. Although a few ignorant women should not ruin it for the rest of the people that understand the importance of abortion. Those who have an abortion might not want to have one, but they have to have one anyways because they are not financially stable. Abortion is a horrible experience for a woman to go through. Emotionally as well as physically, it affects the woman. I cannot see how any woman would want or choose to have this procedure for any other reason than a necessary one. Even though she is asleep the whole time, when she awakes she is in awful pain with a child that is dead. There is no way to reverse the procedure so she has to b e one hundred percent sure that she want an abortion before she actually do it. Basically it is an irreversible procedure that no woman in her right mind wants to go through. An abortion can also make her aware of what she thinks and wonder what if. What if I had the child? What if I didnt get an abortion? What kind of impact would it have made? These are just a few questions that she would be aware of and thinking to yourself if she had an abortion. She will have to live with that choice with the rest of your life. Although abortions do technically kill the baby(fetus), they must remain a choice. Some women may abuse the privilege, but there are also so many who do not. Ultimately this whole issue comes down to a womans choice. She, and only she, should decide what to do with her body. I believe that in some cases an abortion is the only choice a mother has. A simple compromise could please both the pro-choice advocates as well as the pro-life advocates. Abortions could have a mon itor on them. Then women cannot abuse them. Each abortion can go on some kind of confidential record so it could be referred to if there was ever any discrepancy about who should and who should not be able to receive an abortion. Bottom line is it is a womens choice. A womens right to choose is a very precious right and needs to remain. .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .postImageUrl , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:hover , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:visited , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:active { border:0!important; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:active , .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6 .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u42edb38198c772baa5d16de38fba53b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jordan craters EssayBibliography:1.Thomas R. Dye. (1868) The Fourteenth Amendment. Politics In America Third Edition: pg. 912.Abortion. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1999: pg. 201. 3.Abortion. Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 1998: pg. 367.

Management 101 Essay Example

Management 101 Essay This subject is concerned with principles of managing business organisations. Management is important to organisations? business and survival.The dynamic nature of today? s organisations means that managers require certain knowledge, skills and competencies to manage organisations effectively. The aim of this subject is to provide students with an introduction and overview of management within organisations. The subject will examine management principles, concepts and theories of management, and give students an appreciation and understanding of various challenges facing managers in organisations in today? competitive global environment. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this subject, students should be able to: ? ? ? ? understand and critically discuss the evolution of management thoughts; critically evaluate and apply management theories, models and concepts of management; be familiar with the structure, behaviour and environment of organizations, and be aware of the importance of mana gement towards attaining organisational goals in today? s competitive world.TOPICS Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Introduction to Organisations and Management Evolution of Management Planning and Strategic Management Decision Making Organisation Structure and Design Managing Work Teams Managing Human Resource 2 Topic 8 Topic 9 Topic 10 Topic 11 Topic 12 Topic 13 Leadership, Motivation and Communication Organizational Control and Information Technology Management Managing Change Innovation Managing Conflict Organisational Environment and Culture International Management Managerial Ethics and Social ResponsibilityPRESCRIBED TEXT Daft R. L. , (2012) New Era of Management, International Edition, 10th edition SouthWestern Cengage Learning USA. RECOMMENDED REFERENCES Robbins, S. P. DeCenzo D. A. (2005) Fundamentals of Management, Essential Concepts and Applications, International edn, Fifth edn, Pearson Prentice Hall, USA. Jones G. R. George J. M. , (2007) Ess entials of Contemporary Management, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, USA. . 3 Subject Outline / Teaching Plan Department Lecturer Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 : Business Studies : Mr.Vincent Oh Topics Managing in Turbulent Times The Evolution of Management Thinking Planning and Goal Setting Strategy Formulation and Implementation Corporate Culture and the Environment Ethics and Social Responsibility Managing in Global Environment Quiz 1 (15/7 – 19/7) Human Resource Management MID-TERM TEST/ BREAK ( 29/7 2/8/2013) BREAK Leadership Motivation Individual Assignment (23/8/2013) Communication Quality and Performance Teamwork Quiz 2 (2/9 – 6/9) Group Presentation Decision Making Designing Adaptive Organizations Group Presentation FINAL EXAMINATION 16/9 – 28/9/2013 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapters 17 and 19 Subject Code : D2MGT100 Subject Title : Organizations and Management References Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapters 7 and 8 Chapter 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Chapter 12 13 Chap ter 18 14 15 16 Chapters 9 and 10 Prescibed Text: Daft R. L. , (2012) New Era of Management, International Edition 10th edition South-Western Cengage Learning USA. 4 ASSESSMENTS There are 6 assessment items for this subject. Assessment Items 1. Mid Term Test (Closed Book) 2. Quiz 1 (Open Book) 3. Quiz 2 (Open Book) 4.Individual Assignment 5. Participation (Group Presentations) 6. Final exam (Closed Book) Value 20% 5% 5% 10% 10% 50% Due Date 29/7 2/8/2013 15/7 – 19/7/2013 2/9 – 6/9/2013 23/8/2013 Weeks 13 14. 16/9 – 28/9/2013 (TBC) REQUIREMENTS To gain a pass in this subject, students must: ? ? Achieve a passing grade in the final examination i. e. score a minimum of 25 marks out of 50, if there is an examination for this subject Attempt ALL areas of assessment; and achieve a total result of 50% or better overall. ** Please check on the notice board and My Acel for the actual date. HELP University reserves the right to make any changes to the above where appro priate. 5ASSESSMENT DETAILS D2MGT100: ORGANISATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SEMESTER 2 2013 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT (10% of total assessment) CASE STUDY: WALMART PART TWO: THE ENVIRONMENT OF MANAGEMENT – Yao Ming, Jackie Chan, and Walmart: China Embraces Big Stars and Big Box Retailing. When you? re an American retailer with thousands of stores liberally throughout the best shopping areas of the United States, at some point the question arises: â€Å"what next? † Top brass at Walmart were asking this question in the late 1980s, when stores were booming in the Southeast and spreading to all 50 states. Their answer? â€Å"Go global. † Walmart? s first step toward international retailing occurred in 1991 with the opening of a Sam? s Club near Mexico City.Today Walmart International is the company? s fastest growing business unit, accounting for 25 percent of total revenues. After official launch in 1993, the overseas operation expanded into 15 countries including Brazil, Can ada, the United Kingdom, and Japan. But the greatest buzz has centered on China, an emerging market of 1. 3 billion people. Walmart? s adventure in the land of dragons and emperors began in 1996 when rollout teams built a supercenter in Shenzhen, a city just north of Hong Kong. Walmart? s China entry was made possible by economic reforms introduced in the late 1980s under Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. In a break from its isolationist past, China? communist-led government began making modest concessions to capitalism and Western businesses. The move sparked two decades of rapid economic growth, and Chinese consumers now buy everything from flat screen TVs and cars to designer apparel – they even purchase lattes at Starbucks and chicken at KFC. China? s modernization has become symbolized by pro-basketball star Yao Ming, Supergirl singing phenom Li Yuchun, Olympic world champion Liu Xiang, and Karate Kid martial-arts actor Jackie Chan – Sino celebrities who have achieved Western-style fame and lucrative sponsorships with American businesses. As Walmart? s spread throughout the People? Republic indicates, big box retailing is a hit with Chinese consumers. In 2004, Walmart operated 39 stores in China. In 2010, the number reached 290 total units, including 104 Trust Mart Hypermarkets, 178 supercentres, and 4 Sam? s Clubs. The early success has caused analysts to speculate that Walmart China will eventually have more stores than the domestic American market. Walmart China? s supercenters have much in common with their U. S. counterparts. The expansive stores are stocked with mountains of low-price merchandise, proving that Sam Walton? s â€Å"stack? em high, watch? em fly† philosophy has transcended cultural boundaries. But differences exist as well. First, 75 percent of Walmart? s nternational stores operate under different banner, reflecting the web of acquisitions and joint ventures Walmart uses to enter foreign markets. Next, the selection o f merchandise offered in China supercenters is oriented to the unique tastes of Walmart? s 7 million weekly Chinese shoppers. Grocery sections are stocked with live frogs, turtles, and fish – fresh apples of Chinese diets – and familiar American products are curiously altered, 6 as with Tide detergent, which is sold as a handwash laundry product due to the scarcity of washing machines in China. Douglas McMillion, Walmart International? s president and CEO, says that despite visible variations among stores, the company? s goal is the same in every area of the world. The primary objective is to save people money so they can live a little better,† said the head of Walmart? s fast-growing segment. â€Å"Our goal in every market where we operate is not only to deliver products at a great value, but also to ensure that all of the products we sell are made in an ethical and sustainable way. † But running a multinational operation in â€Å"an ethical and sustaina ble way† is easier said than done. In 2010, Google exited China over the country? s strict censorship policy and poor record on human rights. Years earlier, The Gap caused a firestorm of criticism by unintentionally sourcing products made by child laborers in India. Intent on learning from others? istakes, managers at Walmart have developed an Ethical Standards Program to audit suppliers and ensure the ethical procurement of goods. â€Å"In our „Standard for Suppliers,† says McMillion, â€Å"we outline our expectations that our suppliers must compensate all workers with wages and overtime premiums and benefits that meet or exceed local legal standards, local industry standards, or collective agreements, whichever are higher. † Rajan Kamalanathan, vice president of Ethical Standards, notes that the program is in place to do what is right for factory workers and the environment: â€Å"We not only bring sustainable and positive change to working conditions in factories, we also help build ladders to a better life in the countries where we? re sourcing. The new program is showing results: In 2006m the ethical standards team conducted 8,873 factory audits – more than any other company in the world – leading to a 23 percent decrease in high-risk standards violations. Policing the workplaces and ecological footprints of thousands of international vendors may be a herculean task, but executives at Walmart say it? s a necessary one. Chairman Lee Scott, in a discussion forum sponsored by Fortune magazine, laid out the case for international ethics and corporate social responsibility. â€Å"If China is allowed to produce the world? s goods without following reasonable protocol in protecting the environment and protecting people,† Scott reasoned, â€Å"ultimately governments will react and do something to balance that. So I think it? s in China? s best interest, and I think China understands that. Scott added that socially responsible business is simply good business – by reducing waste and energy usage throughout the supply chain, Walmart is lowering costs and paving a path to higher profits for all. â€Å"We? ve been able to go in and work with individual factories, where instead of costing them more money to do it the right way, the factory is actually able to save cost by doing it the right way. † QUESTIONS 1. Which market entry strategy is Walmart primarily using to enter foreign markets, and why has management chosen this approach? (15 marks) 2. What challenges do Walmart China managers encounter in the international business environment (10 marks) 3. Which of Walmart? s sustainability initiatives do you believe will have greatest positive impact on China? Explain. (15 marks) 7Assignment marking table Individual Report (10% of the module marks) Module Code: D2MGT100 Module Title: Organisations and Management. Student? s Name: _______________________ ID number: _____________ Assessm ent Criteria Question 1: Able to identify the market entry strategy is Walmart primarily using to enter foreign markets, and provide explanation why the management has chosen this approach? Question 2: Able to identify the challenges encountered by Walmart China managers in the international business environment Question 3: Able to discuss Walmart? s sustainability initiatives that have greatest positive impact on China? Explanation is provided.Knowledge of theory: Assignment demonstrates integration and innovation in the selection and handling of theory Clarity of Expression Accuracy, spelling, structure, clarity of messages and information TOTAL 10% of the module marks Comments Marks /15 /10 /15 /5 /5 /50% /10% 8 INSTRUCTIONS 1. The assignment is in essay format with headings and subheadings. The assignment must be TYPED and DOUBLED-SPACED. Font type is Times New Roman and font size must be 12 and justified. 2. The word limit is 1,000 – 1,300. The assignment must contain a word count. 3. The DUE DATE is on Friday, 23rd August 2013. All assignment must be submitted to the Department of Business Studies within the due date with the acknowledgment of receipt from the Department. 4.Sources of information contained in the assignment should be referenced appropriately using Harvard referencing. Assignment should have a complete BIBLIOGRAPHY with listing all books and articles. Plagiarism is a serious form of cheating and is not acceptable which will result in a failure of the coursework. No proper referencing will result in PLAGIARISM. 4. Students would be penalized for not STRICTLY adhering to the instructions. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: 1. Evidence of understanding of relevant management concepts and Theories. 2. Clear and realistic answers. 3. Ability to apply concepts and theories. 4. Clarity of written expression (well structured and ogical flow of ideas; Attention to grammar). 5. Standard of presentation (good layout; careful checking for spelling mistakes and typing errors). 9 Assignment No. : __ Assignment Cover Sheet Student Information (For group assignment, please state names of all members) Name ID Grade/Marks Module/Subject Information Module/Subject Code Module/Subject Name Lecturer/Tutor/Facilitator Due Date Assignment Title/Topic Intake (where applicable) Word Count Declaration Office Acknowledgement Date/Time . I/We have read and understood the Programme Handbook that explains on plagiarism, and I/we testify that, unless otherwise acknowledged, the work submitted herein is entirely my/our own. I/We declare that no part of this assignment has been written for me/us by any other person(s) except where such collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer concerned. . I/We authorize the University to test any work submitted by me/us, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I/We understand this will involve the University or its contractors copying my/our work and storing it on a database to be used in fut ure to test work submitted by others. Note:1) The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. 2) The Group Leader signs the declaration on behalf of all members. Signature: mail: Date: 10 Feedback/Comments* Main StrengthsMain Weaknesses Suggestions for improvement Student acknowledge feedback/comments Grader? s signature Date: Note: Student? s signature: Date: 1)A soft and hard copy of the assignment shall be submitted. 2)The signed copy of the assignment cover sheet shall be retained by the marker. 3)If the Turnitin report is required, students have to submit it with the assignment. However, departments may allow students up to THREE (3) working days after submission of the assignment to submit the Turnitin report. The assignment shall only be marked upon the submission of the Turnitin report. *Use additional sheets if required. 11 Department of Business StudiesACADEMIC INTEGRITY Honesty a nd Responsibility Academic integrity is an important tenet for HELP University. In pursuit of the highest standards of academic integrity, the Department of Business Studies holds it students to the highest ethical standards defined by the Rules and Regulations section of the Academic Handbook. All students at the Department of Business Studies are subjected to and are bound by the Student Academic Misconduct Rule to assure academic honesty. Students are required to sign a pledge on the assignment cover sheet before submitting your assignments to the Department of Business Studies. What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is academic dishonesty or academic theft, and it is a serious academic offence.Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, the followings: 1. quote, paraphrase or summarize someone else? s ideas, theories or data, in whole or in part, without appropriate acknowledgement 2. borrow ideas, opinion or words, in whole or in part, from other sources without properly crediting the author(s) 3. use any facts, statistics, diagrams or graphs, in whole or in part, without acknowledging the source clearly 4. claim or imply original authorship of someone else? s ideas, theories or data, in whole or in part, as your own 5. employ or allow someone to help to revise, amend or write your work and pass off as your own original work 6. collaborate with or allow other students to copy your work 7. raw on sources more than what you have acknowledged by citations While a student is not discouraged to discuss an assignment with his/her friends or classmates, the work he/she submits must be done by the student alone. If a student shares his/her assignment with other students and they plagiarize it, the student is as guilty as those students who plagiarized his/her assignment. All parties to plagiarism are considered equally guilty. Under no circumstances should a student be involved in collusion with other students unless he/she is permitted to work on an assignment jointly b y the lecturer/tutor. If a student is unsure what constitutes plagiarism, he/she is obliged to consult the lecturer/tutor on the matter before submission of his/her assignment. When and How to Reference? Knowing when and how to cite is a student? s responsibility.If he/she is in doubt or need more help on this matter, the student may consult the lecturer/tutor. The following list comprises some of the sources a student will need to reference. The list is by no means exhaustive, but simply consists of the most common sources used by students to complete their work. 1. Books 2. Chapters in books 12 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Journal articles Conference papers Newspaper articles Magazines Websites Study guide Students are advised to cite in the following cases [1]: 1. When he/she quotes two or more words verbatim, or even one word if it is used in a way that is unique to the source 2. When he/she introduce facts that he/she have found in a source 3.When he/she paraphrase or summarize ideas, int erpretations, or conclusions that he/she find in a source 4. When he/she introduce information that is not common knowledge or that may be considered common knowledge in your field, but the reader may not know it 5. When he/she borrow the plan or structure of a larger section of a source? s argument (for example, using a theory from a source and analyzing the same three case studies that the source uses) 6. When he/she build on another? s method found either in a source or from collaborative work in a lab 7. When he/she build on another? s program in writing computer code or on a notcommonly-known algorithm 8.When he/she collaborate with others in producing knowledge In general, a referencing system requires two parts: 1. In-text citations This is information about a source within the text of an assignment. 2. List of references This is a list of all sources a student has used to research his/her assignment. It is alphabetically arranged by author surname and appears immediately aft er the last page of an assignment. Different faculties or departments may have different requirement on how referencing for an assignment should be done. The various formats used for in-text citations and list of references are available in the following websites: 1. Harvard System (http://www. delaide. edu. au/library/guide/gen/harvard. html) 2. Chicago Style (http://www. chicagomanualofstyle. org/index. html) 3. American Psychological Association or APA Style (http://www. apastyle. org) 4. Modern Language Association of America or MLA Style (http://www. mla. org) Once a student has selected a referencing style for his/her assignment, he/she must follow the same style consistently throughout the assignment. We strongly suggest that the student consults the lecturer/tutor about which method to use before submission of his/her assignment. 1 http://www. yale. edu/bass/writing/sources/plagiarism/warning. html, accessed May 18, 2008. 13What are the Procedures and Penalties for Plagiaris m? When a lecturer/tutor encounters a possible case of plagiarism, the lecturer/tutor shall report the matter to the Head of the Department, who then initiates an investigation on the matter. The following procedures would be carried out: 1. The lecturer/tutor shall provide evidence that substantiates an academic offence has occurred. The following documentations must be ready prior to reporting of alleged plagiarism: a. Copy of the alleged plagiarized assignment b. Copy of the source material (e. g. articles, websites, newspaper, etc. ) c. Report of plagiarism d. Any other information that would support the claim of plagiarism 2.If the evidence warrants an accusation of academic offence, the Head of Department shall establish a Board of Inquiry comprising 3 academic staff. The Department shall provide all necessary documentations, including report on prior academic offences if applicable, to the Board of Inquiry. 3. The Board of Inquiry shall put the matter to the student in writin g and give him/her an opportunity to respond to the accusation within 3 working days. 4. The student will be required to attend a meeting with the Board of Inquiry. After meeting the student, the Board of Inquiry shall decide whether or not the alleged plagiarism has occurred. The following documentations shall be submitted to the Head of Department at the end of the meeting: a. Findings of the investigation b.Recommended action(s) to be taken or imposed 5. The Head of Department shall review the Board of Inquiry? s report with supporting evidence and shall decide on an appropriate action(s) based on the recommendation of the Board of Inquiry. 6. The decision of the Head of Department shall be put in writing to the student. Copies of all documentations will be retained in the Department. 7. If the student feels that he/she has been unfairly accused or treated, the student may appeal to the Head of Department within 5 working days. 8. The Head of Department shall review the appeal an d the final decision will be communicated to the student in writing and a copy will be kept with the Department.Once a determination of plagiarism and penalty has been made by the Head of Department, the investigative process will be deemed to have ended and the student will not be allowed to appeal. Possible penalties for plagiarism range from mark reduction for the assignment to expulsion from the University. The student will not be allowed to make up the assignment. If plagiarism has been found to have occurred, the Department will take action(s) as determined by the forms of plagiarism implicated: 1. Complete plagiarism Verbatim copying another person? s work without acknowledgement 1st offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 2nd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 2. Substantial plagiarism Near-verbatim copying another person? work by simply altering the order of the sentences or the format of presentation or by changing a few words or phrases without acknowledgement. 14 Zero mark on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 3rd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 3. Minimal plagiarism Acknowledgement is made but paraphrasing by changing and/or eliminating some words 1st offence : Deduction of 50% of available marks on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 3rd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 4.Unintentional plagiarism Insufficient acknowledgement by not applying citation or quotation marks correctly 1st offence : Deduction of up to 50% of available marks on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the sub ject and a warning letter will be issued rd 3 offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department Pleading ignorance or unintentional plagiarism does not constitute valid reasons for plagiarism and will not avoid the penalties from being imposed. Excuses for acts of plagiarism such as the following, but not limited to, will not be entertained: 1. I don? t have time to do the assignment 2. I have too many assignments due on the same day 3. I don? t know, I really didn? t do it 4. I am not aware 5. I don? t understand what plagiarism means 6. I have no intention to plagiarize 7. I forgot to cite the reference 8. I forgot to include the bibliography 9. My English is not good 10. My lecturer/tutor did not explain to me 11. In my country, it is alright to copy someone else? s work 12. My friend copied my ssignment when I let him/her to look at my assignment 13. My friend copied my assignment when I allow him/her to use my laptop 14. I did my assignment in the computer lab, someone must have copied my work 15. I asked my friend to submit my assignment and he/she copied my work 16. I discussed my assignment with my friends, so our answers are the same/similar 17. Even though I do not have in-text citation but I have bibliography/reference list Students should be reminded that it is their responsibilities to take due care throughout their written work to effectively reference or cite when they use others? ideas from any source. 1st offence : 15

Quotes from Gray Panther Leader Maggie Kuhn

Quotes from Gray Panther Leader Maggie Kuhn Maggie Kuhn is best known for founding the organization often called the Gray Panthers, a social activist organization raising issues of justice and fairness for older Americans. She is credited with the passage of laws prohibiting forced retirement and with reform in health care and nursing home oversight. She worked for many years with the Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA) in Cleveland and then with the United Presbyterian Church in New York City, doing programming for social causes including on race, womens rights, and the elderly.  (Note: the organization called Gray Panthers was officially known at first as the Consultation of Older and Younger Adults for Social Change.) Selected Maggie Kuhn Quotations   My goal is to do something outrageous every day. Few people know how to be old. Stand before the people you fear and speak your mind- even if your voice shakes.   We who are old have nothing to lose! We have everything to gain by living dangerously! We can initiate change without jeopardizing jobs or family. We can be the risk-takers.   A healthy community is one in which the elderly protect, care for, love and assist the younger ones to provide continuity and hope   Were missing a historical perspective that older people can provide. My generation has to be heard and heeded   Learning and sex until rigor mortis. When you least expect it, someone may actually listen to what you have to say.   There is a pervasive societal bias in the U.S., which contends that old age is a disaster and a disease.... On the contrary, it is a part of the continuum of life and oug   Ã‚  Weve had enormous success all out of proportion to our numbers. We have set a pace. Weve been very outspoken in our positions, and weve caught the attention of the media. Power should not be concentrated in the hands of so few, and powerlessness in the hands of so many.   Many things started by a person disappear when the person dies, but Id consider my job a failure if that happened.   [What] I dream of and yearn for is that the Gray Panthers will continue to be on the cutting edge of social change, and that the young and old together will continue to work for a just, humane and peaceful world.   about a protest in Washington, DC:  The police came on their horses and rode right into us, you know. That was frightening, those enormous beasts and those hard shoes. A blow could kill you.   about the name Gray Panthers:  It’s a fun name. There’s a certain militancy, rather than just a docile acceptance of what our country’s doing. Old age is not a disease- it is strength and survivorship, triumph over all kinds of vicissitudes and disappointments, trials and illnesses.   Im an old woman. I have gray hair, many wrinkles, and arthritis in both hands. And I celebrate my freedom from bureaucratic restraints that once held me. The worst indignity is to be given a bedpan by a stranger who calls you by your first name.   If you are not prepared, retirement at 65 makes you a non-person. It deprives you of the sense of community that has previously defined your life. By the year 2020, the year of perfect vision, the old will outnumber the young.   Old people as elders of the tribe should be seeking and safeguarding the survival of the tribe- the larger public interest Men and women approaching retirement age should be recycled for public service work, and their companies should foot the bill. We can no longer afford to scrap-pile people. There must be a goal at every stage of life! There must be a goal!   What she wanted on her tombstone:   Here lies Maggie Kuhn under the only stone she left unturned.

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains Essay

Accounting Assumptions, Principles and Constrains - Essay Example n that assumes that the economic entity has a significant past and future for purposes of recording costs of assets and inventory and decision making based on those costs in the present. Additionally, there are the Monetary Unit assumptions that keeps score with money, but it typically ignores inflation and deflation of currencies; the value and unit of currency are understood to be firm; otherwise, there is transaction with global divisions that uses other currencies besides the U.S. Dollar. Finally there is an accounting Periods assumption that assumes that the periodical accounting periods is applicable and accountants can stop to analyze financial statements. Historical Costs (assets and liabilities) characteristically report on the chronological cost and then adjusted to fair market value when the needs of reporting require it. However, the cost of assets went up some years thereby did not reflect what it is worth to other buyers or the cost of replacement. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2005).   Revenue Recognition is the recording of revenues when they are realized and earned. (Pratt, J. 2011). This is one of challenge that accrual-based accounting is trying to solve. Notably, receiving cash from a sales order doesn’t mean that everything has to earn the revenue especially when they are shipped. In other words, it is sometimes possible to sell goods or services without receiving cash. Therefore, Matching Expenses to Revenues means matching fixed cost of the revenues or recording profit in the income statement based on the best profit on revenues and expenses. This often leads to Full Disclosure where accountants record and report every bit of information in the numbers and footnotes of financial statements that fairly represent the activities of the business entity in that accounting period. This procedure is perfect; however, for decision-making it is expected to leave out or add things that are relevant to the decision being made. In most cases, Cost and Benefit is